Concrete wall



E. E; CLARKE. CONCRETE WELL.

No. 217,970. Patented Api. 24, 1860.

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' Witnesses. j

UNITED STATES `PATENT CFFICE.

ELIZUR E. CLARKE, 0F NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

CONCRETE WALL.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 27,970, dated April 24, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELIZUR E. CLARKE, of New Haven, in the county of NewHaven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements inConcrete Walls, the construction and operation of which I have describedin the following specification and illustrated in its accompanyingdrawings with sufficient clearness to enable competent and skilfulworkmen in the arts to which it pertains or is most nearly allied tomake and use my invention.

My said invention consists in, First, making the wall in two partsconnected by isolated binders in such a manner as not to in-. terferewith the free circulation of air between the inner and outer portions ofthe wall, as hereinafter more fully set forth; second, in thecombination with the parts of the wall made as described of binders madeof vitreous blocks or other non-conductors of moisture as described, bywhich the absorption of moisture by the inner from the outer portion ofthe wall is prevented.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention as follows:

Figure l is a horizontal section of a wall which embodies myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section taken throughthe binders. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sect-ion. Fig. 4 is a planof one form of binder.

l is the outer portion, and 2 is the inner portion of the wall. Theseparts of the wall are made separate so as to give an open space betweenthem, and by exposing more surface to the circulation of the atmosphereto allow t'he air to have a better action in hardening the wall. Theseparts l and 2 of the wall are connected by binders 3 as shown. The sidesof the lues will also connect them at that point.

4 is a flue made in the usual form.

The wall is hollow entirely from top to bottom, or at least nearly toeach extremity. The joists extend through the inner and nearly throughthe outer portion of the wall, and are properly secured to it by anchorirons in a manner well known to every competent builder. The binders 3are vitriied blocks or bricks, or other material which is anon-conductor of moisture. These binders may be plain in the fo-rm of acommon brick, or they may be dovetailed as shown in-Fig. 4. They arelaid in as the walls are carried up, and the concrete attaching itselfrmly, they form a firm and substantial connection between the inner andouter parts of the wall. The binders may be made of stone or commonbrick if considered desirable.

A concrete wall yconstructed in this manner hardens more readily andperfectly than if its whole thickness were made in one solid wall as isusually the case, and the wall is for this reason and by this meansrendered much more durable. The insertion of ventilators from each roomthrough the inner sectionof the wall also very great-ly facilitates thisobject while it at the same time serves the purpose of ventilation. Thenatural hardening process of calcareous cements, thatof absorption ofcarbonio acid from the atmosphere, is thus made available upon the inneras well as the outer surfaces. The formation of these walls isaccomplished by laying both parts of the wall at the same time inappropriate boXes with a removable core placed in a central or nearlycentral position to form an opening between the walls as described. Thecore is raised up fro-m stage to stage as the work progresses, and issupported at each stage by the binders as shown in Fig. 3, the corebeing indicated by 5. Various forms of construction of this core may beemployed to suit the convenience of the builder. A detailed descriptionof these forms may perhaps belong more properly to a description of theapparatus, and will be found in the specification of my apparatus forconstructing concrete walls, filed in the Patent Oliice at the time ofmaking this application for a patent.

By connect-ing the parts of the wall with vitreous blocks or othernon-conductors of moisture, the absorption of the moisture of one wallfrom the other is entirely prevented, and the interior atmosphere isthus rendered more dry and wholesome in moist weather. These blocks maybe vitriied bricks, or common bricks glazed so as to be impervious tomoisture, or any other nonconductor of moisture desired may be used thatis otherwise suitable for the purpose. A good, serviceable wall may thusbe made at a much less cost than by the ordinary modes of building ofbricks or stone. The binders also operate much more perfectly than theycould do in a wall made of brick or stone, as in the construction I havedescribed said binders are not and cannot be broken by inequalities inthe wall in which they are laid, for the whole space is accuratelyfilled by the concrete around them, and the concrete will attach itselfmuch more firmly to them than would be the case with ordinary mortar inthe common process of laying bricks or stone.

Having thus fully described my said invention, I claiml. A hollowconcrete wall made as described by coring out a space between the innerand outer portions and connecting the parts with isolated binders asdescribed, the combination of the isolated binders with the parts of thewall as shown forming the necessary connection, while at the same timeit ELIZUR E. CLARKE.

Witnesses:

JOHN CRUMLY, THos. P. How.

